Functions
What each ingredient is for.
An ingredient is neither good nor bad in itself: it plays a role. Here are the functions you find in a composition, and what they actually do.
Abrasive
Helps remove particles through friction (polishing, scrubbing).
Antioxidant
Limits oxidation and helps preserve the formula over time.
Antistatic
Reduces static electricity, particularly on the hair.
Astringent
Temporarily tightens the skin or the pores.
Binding
Binds together the ingredients of a solid formula (powder, stick).
Buffering
Adjusts and stabilises the pH of the formula.
Chelating
Binds metal ions to stabilise the formula.
Colorant
Adds colour to the product or to the application.
Emollient
Softens and smooths the skin while limiting water loss.
Emulsifying
Allows phases that do not naturally mix, such as water and oil, to be blended together.
Exfoliating
Helps remove dead cells from the surface of the skin.
Film forming
Forms a film on the surface of the skin or hair.
Foaming
Creates or stabilises the foam of a product.
Fragrance
Adds a scent to the product or masks the odour of raw materials.
Hair conditioning
Improves the appearance, softness and manageability of the hair.
Humectant
Attracts and retains water to help maintain hydration.
Masking
Reduces or masks an unwanted odour.
Opacifying
Makes the product less transparent.
Preservative
Limits the growth of micro-organisms to preserve the product.
Propellant
Expels the product from its container (aerosol).
Skin conditioning
Keeps the skin in good condition and protects it; improves its comfort.
Solvent
Dissolves other ingredients to incorporate them into the formula.
Surfactant
Lowers the tension between two surfaces; cleanses and helps remove impurities.
UV filter
Filters part of the UV radiation.
Viscosity controlling
Increases viscosity and gives the product its texture.